Chapter 28 – The High Priest’s Sacrifice

The End Time Church: From the Cathedrals to the Catacombs

By Dan L. White

Copyright ©2017 by Dan L. White, all rights reserved.

Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible (WEB) which is in the public domain.

Chapter 28

The High Priest’s Sacrifice

When Athaliah tried to kill all the royal descendants of David, she was trying to kill the Messiah, who came from the royal line of David.

When Haman tried to kill all the Jews, he was trying to kill the Messiah, who came from the Jews.

When Herod killed the baby boys around Bethlehem, he was trying to kill the Messiah.

Seems like there’s a conspiracy there, even though Athaliah and Haman may not have known exactly what they were doing, although Herod did.

All those people were acting in their own selfish interests, yet they were also acting in the interest of the most selfish being in the universe. And when that being, Satan the devil, tried to deceive Christ at the great temptation in Matthew 4, he was trying to destroy the Messiah. If Yeshua had accepted Satan’s offer to turn the rock into bread to
how off, or to jump off the temple to show off, or to accept the kingdoms of the world to show off, Satan would have knocked off the Messiah.

The Jewish religious rulers were children of the devil. The Messiah said so. So it was only to be expected that they would do the work of the devil — to kill the Messiah.

On the other hand, the nations of the world, like Rome, had long ago — soon after the Flood — forsaken God. Their works were just as evil as the Jews. Christ repeatedly spoke of his battle against the prince of this world.

John 12
31) Now is the judgment of this world. Now the prince of this world will be cast out.

John 14
30) I will no more speak much with you, for the prince of the world comes, and he has nothing in me.

John 16
11) …the prince of this world has been judged.

Rome and the Gentiles followed the prince of this world. As always, the prince of this world wanted to kill the Messiah, the Savior of the world, and he used Rome, the empire of the world, to do it.

The disciples understood that Yeshua was the Messiah, the promised prophet, the prophesied anointed one.

Matt 16
11) How is it that you don’t perceive that I didn’t speak to you concerning bread? But beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.”
12) Then they understood that he didn’t tell them to beware of the yeast of bread, but of the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
13) Now when Yeshua came into the parts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, “Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am?”
14) They said, “Some say John the Baptizer, some, Elijah, and others, Jeremiah, or one of the prophets.”
15) He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?”
16) Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ [Messiah, Anointed One], the Son of the living God.”
17) Yeshua answered him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven.

The Jews, supposedly looking for the Messiah, were the ones who actually condemned him to death. 

Matt 16
20) Then he commanded the disciples that they should tell no one that he was Yeshua the Christ.
21) From that time, Yeshua began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and be killed, and the third day be raised up.

Matt 20
17) As Yeshua was going up to Jerusalem, he took the twelve disciples aside, and on the way he said to them,
18) “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and they will condemn him to death,
19) and will hand him over to the Gentiles to mock, to scourge, and to crucify; and the third day he will be raised up.”

So the religious leaders of the Jews, the elders, chief priests and scribes, would condemn Christ to death, then the Gentiles would carry that out. All were guilty.

When Christ raised Lazarus from the dead, that naturally attracted a lot of attention.

John 11
41) So they took away the stone from the place where the dead man was lying. Yeshua lifted up his eyes, and said, “Father, I thank you that you listened to me.
42) I know that you always listen to me, but because of the multitude that stands around I said this, that they may believe that you sent me.”
43) When he had said this, he cried with a loud voice, “Lazarus, come out!”
44) He who was dead came out, bound hand and foot with wrappings, and his face was wrapped around with a cloth. Yeshua said to them, “Free him, and let him go.”
45) Therefore many of the Jews, who came to Mary and saw what Yeshua did, believed in him.

Although many of those people who saw that miracle then believed in Yeshua, others reported what he had done to the religious authorities, to check and see if giving a guy his life back was okay with them.

John 11
46) But some of them went away to the Pharisees, and told them the things which Yeshua had done.

Nope. It wasn’t OK with the religious authorities.

John 11
47) The chief priests therefore and the Pharisees gathered a council, and said, “What are we doing? For this man does many signs.
48) If we leave him alone like this, everyone will believe in him, and the Romans will come and take away both our place and our nation.”

Note that the chief priests, who were the Sadducees, and the Pharisees, who were the synagogue rulers, constantly battled with each other over religious supremacy. However, they were willing to ignore their ongoing struggle to join forces when faced with this great problem.

What was the enormous crisis that Israel faced?

Yeshua was healing deformed hands, giving blind people their sight and bringing the dead back to life.

‘Oh, no! Catastrophe and calamity! What are we going to do?’

The chief priests and Pharisees did not deny the miracles. “This man does many signs!” Lazarus was still walking around there somewhere. Hard to deny that! ‘Hey, how you doin’, Laz?’

But just as Pharaoh had done, when the Jews saw those miracles that had to be from God, they hardened their hearts against him. They did not deny the miracles. They just denied the one who was doing the miracles. As Nicodemus had said, “no one can do these signs that you do, unless God is with him,” John 3:2. They were denying God himself.

Once they denied God, then he let this happen.

Rom 1
21) Because, knowing God, they didn’t glorify him as God, neither gave thanks, but became vain in their reasoning, and their senseless heart was darkened.
22) Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools…

They slipped into the darkness of denial, the self deception of those who want to be deceived.

Their human minds reasoned that the miracles would move the multitudes to some kind of disturbance. It was up to the religious rulers — them — to keep the masses under control. That’s what religious rulers like to do — peace, conformity, unity in the body! A disturbance might cause Rome to remove the religious rulers.

So because of the miracles from God done by the Son of God, the rabbis and priests thought they faced a crisis. Rome might even take away their nation!

Wait —

They didn’t have a nation!

Not an independent nation. They were only a smidgen in the great Roman Empire. But they feared that Rome might take away their position and their nation.

It did not occur to them to look to God to save their nation. They had to try to do that themselves. And to save their ‘nation,’ they had to condemn one man to death — that guy who was doing all the miracles.

John 11
49) But a certain one of them, Caiaphas, being high priest that year, said to them, “You know nothing at all,
50) nor do you consider that it is advantageous for us that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation not perish.”

What they did — the Sadducees and Pharisees, those bitter rivals who joined forces to face this great crisis — What they did they did to save their nation, Adolf Hitler did to save his.

The Jews condemned Yeshua to death to save their nation.

Hitler condemned the Jews to death to save his nation.

In Hitler’s mind, the Holocaust was to save the German nation and culture from the crisis of Jewish domination.

Hitler rallied the Germans by saying he would save the German culture from the Jews, as one historian discussed.

In Mein Kampf Hitler argued that the German (he wrongly described them as the Aryan race) was superior to all others. He went on to say that Aryan superiority was being threatened particularly by the Jewish race who, he argued, were lazy and had contributed little to world civilization. (Hitler ignored the fact that some of his favourite composers and musicians were Jewish). He claimed that the “Jewish youth lies in wait for hours on end satanically glaring at and spying on the unconscious girl whom he plans to seduce, adulterating her blood with the ultimate idea of bastardizing the white race which they hate and thus lowering its cultural and political level so that the Jew might dominate.”

According to Adolf Hitler, Jews were responsible for everything he did not like, including modern art, pornography and prostitution. Hitler also alleged that the Jews had been responsible for losing the First World War. Hitler also claimed that Jews, who were only about 1% of the population, were slowly taking over the country. They were doing this by controlling the largest political party in Germany, the German Social Democrat Party, many of the leading companies and several of the country’s newspapers. The fact that Jews had achieved prominent positions in a democratic society was, according to Hitler, an argument against democracy: “a hundred blockheads do not equal one man in wisdom.”

Hitler believed that the Jews were involved with Communists in a joint conspiracy to take over the world. Like Henry Ford, Hitler claimed that 75% of all Communists were Jews. Hitler argued that the combination of Jews and Marxists had already been successful in Russia and now threatened the rest of Europe.
http://spartacus-educational.com/GERjews.htm

In The Jewish Question speech, delivered before the Reichstag (the German powerless parliament) in Berlin, Germany – January 30, 1939, Hitler spoke of the common enemy.

One thing I should like to say on this day, which may be memorable for others as well as for us Germans: In the course of my life I have very often been a prophet and have usually been ridiculed for it. During the time of my struggle for power, it was in the first instance the Jewish race that only received my prophecies with laughter when I said that I would one day take over the leadership of the State and with it that of the whole nation and that I would then, among many other things, settle the Jewish problem. Their laughter was uproarious, but I think that for some time now they have been laughing on the other side of their face.

Today I will once more be a prophet. [You notice that Hitler was not humble.] If the international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the bolshevization of the earth, and this the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe! For the time when the non-Jewish nations had no propaganda is at an end. National Socialist Germany and fascist Italy have institutions that enable them when necessary to enlighten the world about the nature of a question of which many nations are instinctively conscious, but which they have not yet clearly thought out. At the moment Jews in certain countries may be fomenting hatred under the protection of a press, of the film, of wireless propaganda, of the theater, of literature, etc., all of which they control. […]”

The nations are no longer willing to die on the battlefield that this unstable international race may profiteer from a war or satisfy its Old Testament vengeance. The Jewish watchword, ‘Workers of the world, unite!’ will be conquered by a higher realization, namely, ‘Workers of all classes and of all nations, recognize your common enemy!’ http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/holoprelude/jewishquestion.html

For Hitler, that common enemy was the Jews.

Again — just as the Jews tried to save their nation by condemning one man to death, so Hitler tried to save his nation by condemning one people to death.

Caiaphas, the high priest, the highest religious position, was the one who came up with the idea to condemn Yeshua to death. Reading John 11 again —

John 11
49) But a certain one of them, Caiaphas, being high priest that year, said to them, “You know nothing at all,
50) nor do you consider that it is advantageous for us that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation not perish.”
51) Now he didn’t say this of himself, but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Yeshua would die for the nation,
52) and not for the nation only, but that he might also gather together into one the children of God who are scattered abroad.
53) So from that day forward they took counsel that they might put him to death.
54) Yeshua therefore walked no more openly among the Jews, but departed from there into the country near the wilderness, to a city called Ephraim. He stayed there with his disciples.

Caiaphas was speaking, rather arrogantly, not only to those Jewish religious rabbis who denied Yeshua, but also to those Jewish religious rabbis who did believe in Yeshua.

Joh 12
42)  Nevertheless even many of the rulers believed in him, but because of the Pharisees they didn’t confess it, so that they wouldn’t be put out of the synagogue,
43)  for they loved men’s praise more than God’s praise.

So when Caiaphas made his decree of condemnation, he was talking to Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea and others who were trying to straddle the spiritual fence. Some did vote against Yeshua’s death decree but none stood up enough to be thrown out of the synagogue.

The three high priests who served right before Caiaphas had only lasted a year each. By 30 CE, Caiaphas had already been in office for about a dozen years, even longer than Annas had served. So when Caiaphas spoke of not offending Rome, he knew what he was talking about. He was good at that.

The Annas family members were the religious aristocracy in Jerusalem, the family of high priests.

Act 4
1)  As they spoke to the people, the priests and the captain of the temple and the Sadducees came to them,
2)  being upset because they taught the people and proclaimed in Yeshua the resurrection from the dead.
3)  They laid hands on them, and put them in custody until the next day, for it was now evening.
4)  But many of those who heard the word believed, and the number of the men came to be about five thousand.
5)  In the morning, their rulers, elders, and scribes were gathered together in Jerusalem.
6)  Annas the high priest was there, with Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and as many as were relatives of the high priest.

In that passage, although Caiaphas was the official high priest, Annas was called high priest as if he still presided. Since he was the head of the family, he was looked to as the religious head.

The relatives of the high priest included five sons who became high priests themselves. With Annas and son-in-law Caiaphas, that was a total of seven men in that family who served as high priests. Caiaphas served the longest.

Ananus ben Seth (6-15 CE), father of the clan;
Eleazar ben Ananus (16-17), son;
Joseph Caiaphas (18-36), married Annas’ daughter;
Jonathan ben Ananus (36-37), son;
Theophilus ben Ananus (37-41), son;
Matthias ben Ananus (43), son;
Jonathan ben Ananus (44), son who was high priest after Annas died.
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/high-priests-of-the-second-temple-period

The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia article on ‘Annas’ explains that infamous family.

ISBE, Annas

A high priest of the Jews, the virtual head of the priestly party in Jerusalem in the time of Christ, a man of commanding influence. He was the son of Seth (Josephus: Sethi), and was elevated to the high-priesthood by Quirinius, governor of Syria, 7 ad. At this period the office was filled and vacated at the caprice of the Roman procurators, and Annas was deposed by Valerius Gratus, 15 ad. But though deprived of official status, he continued to wield great power as the dominant member of the hierarchy, using members of his family as his willing instruments. That he was an adroit diplomatist is shown by the fact that five of his sons and his son-in-law Caiaphas held the high-priesthood in almost unbroken succession, though he did not survive to see the office filled by his fifth son Annas or Ananus II, who caused Jas the Lord’s brother to be stoned to death (circa 62 ad). Another mark of his continued influence is, that long after he had lost his office he was still called high priest, and his name appears first wherever the names of the chief members of the sacerdotal faction are given.

Annas’ family members were given their positions by Rome and were subject to being displaced by Rome at any time. But while they were in power, they used it.

He and his family were proverbial for their rapacity and greed. The chief source of their wealth seems to have been the sale of requisites for the temple sacrifices, such as sheep, doves, wine and oil, which they carried on in the four famous booths of the sons of Annas on the Mount of Olives, with a branch within the precincts of the temple itself. During the great feasts, they were able to extort high monopoly prices for theft goods. Hence, our Lord’s strong denunciation of those who made the house of prayer a den of robbers (Mar_11:15-19), and the curse in the Talmud, Woe to the family of Annas! Woe to the serpent-like hisses (Pes 57a).

Proverbial for their rapacity and greed! They had a monopoly on the temple trade. Even the Talmud said, “Woe to the family of Annas!”

Annas had great influence among the Jews because he was high priest emeritus and head of the clan, but Caiaphas was the one who actually held the position of high priest at Christ’s trial. And this was his decree, to save the Jews and himself from Rome: “it is advantageous for us that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation not perish.”

Acting as high priest, Caiaphas’ words were like a papal bull.

Bullinger’s Companion Bible, John 11:51
The Jews regarded any ex cathedra utterance of the High Priest as inspired.

‘Ex cathedra’ in Latin is ‘from the teacher’s seat,’ and the phrase means “with the full authority of office,” according to Oxford Dictionaries.

When Caiaphas said, ex cathedra, “one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation not perish,” his utterance was inspired —

Much more than he knew.

This Yeshua, who claimed to be a king and who some even thought was the prophesied Messiah, might cause an insurrection against Rome, the rabbis thought. By killing him, a king who could challenge Caesar, the Jewish religious leaders could show their allegiance to Rome and further enhance their own position. For all their study of the scriptures and discussions about the law of God, their religion was really controlled by Rome.

And when Caiaphas made his ex cathedra death decree, acting in the spirit of Satan, he paved the way for salvation for those who overcome the selfish spirit of Satan and of themselves.

Caiaphas thought he was being so clever in saving the Jews’ nation and the rabbis’ position in the Roman Empire. His condemnation did save the nation — the nation of true Israel, all who would be children of God instead of children of the devil.

John 11
51) Now he didn’t say this of himself, but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Yeshua would die for the nation,
52) and not for the nation only, but that he might also gather together into one the children of God who are scattered abroad.

Caiaphas’ decree fit with these prophecies.

Isa 49
5)  Now Yahweh says, he who formed me from the womb to be his servant, to bring Jacob again to him, and to gather Israel to him, for I am honorable in Yahweh’s eyes, and my God has become my strength.
6)  Indeed, he says, “It is too light a thing that you should be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel? I will also give you as a light to the nations, that you may be my salvation to the end of the earth.”

Rev 5
8)  Now when he had taken the book, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each one having a harp, and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints.
9)  They sang a new song, saying, “You are worthy to take the book, and to open its seals: for you were killed, and bought us for God with your blood, out of every tribe, language, people, and nation,

Caiaphas decree did save his nation and people from every nation — so that with his death, the Messiah might gather together the children of God. Way to go, Caiaphas!

Moreover, just as Augustus and Herod, kings of this world, paved the way for their ultimate replacement by the King of Kings, so this high priest Caiaphas, by his arrogant, cruel declaration, pointed the way for his ultimate eternal replacement.

Heb 9
1) Now indeed even the first covenant had ordinances of divine service, and an earthly sanctuary.
2) For a tabernacle was prepared. In the first part were the lampstand, the table, and the show bread; which is called the Holy Place.
3) After the second veil was the tabernacle which is called the Holy of Holies,
4) having a golden altar of incense, and the ark of the covenant overlaid on all sides with gold, in which was a golden pot holding the manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the tablets of the covenant;
5) and above it cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat, of which things we can’t speak now in detail.
6) Now these things having been thus prepared, the priests go in continually into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the services,
7) but into the second the high priest alone, once in the year, not without blood, which he offers for himself, and for the errors of the people.
8) The Holy Spirit is indicating this, that the way into the Holy Place wasn’t yet revealed while the first tabernacle was still standing;
9) which is a symbol of the present age, where gifts and sacrifices are offered that are incapable, concerning the conscience, of making the worshipper perfect;
10) being only (with meats and drinks and various washings) fleshly ordinances, imposed until a time of reformation.

24) For Christ hasn’t entered into holy places made with hands, which are representations of the true, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us;
25) nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest enters into the holy place year by year with blood not his own,
26) or else he must have suffered often since the foundation of the world. But now once at the end of the ages, he has been revealed to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.
27) Inasmuch as it is appointed for men to die once, and after this, judgment,
28) so Christ also, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time, without sin, to those who are eagerly waiting for him for salvation.

Augustus had issued an enrollment decree to get money for his empire, and in so doing caused Yeshua to be born in Bethlehem instead of Nazareth.

Herod had improved the temple to win approval from the Jews and in so doing beautified it for the coming of the Messiah.

Caiaphas was the high priest who went into the Holy of Holies on Atonement to offer a sacrifice before the mercy seat throne of Yahweh, and he, as high priest, was the one who actually condemned the Lamb of God to be sacrificed. That Lamb then became an eternal high priest, and He went into the Holy of Holies before the mercy seat throne of the Father for us.

Isn’t it clever how God works these things out?

Psa 2
(1)  Why do the nations rage, and the peoples plot a vain thing?
(2)  The kings of the earth take a stand, and the rulers take counsel together, against Yahweh, and against his Anointed, saying,
(3)  “Let’s break their bonds apart, and cast their cords from us.”
(4)  He who sits in the heavens will laugh. The Lord will have them in derision.
(5)  Then he will speak to them in his anger, and terrify them in his wrath:
(6)  “Yet I have set my King on my holy hill of Zion.”
(7)  I will tell of the decree. Yahweh said to me, “You are my son. Today I have become your father.
(8)  Ask of me, and I will give the nations for your inheritance, the uttermost parts of the earth for your possession.
(9)  You shall break them with a rod of iron. You shall dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.”
(10)  Now therefore be wise, you kings. Be instructed, you judges of the earth.
(11)  Serve Yahweh with fear, and rejoice with trembling.
(12)  Give sincere homage to the Son, lest he be angry, and you perish on the way, for his wrath will soon be kindled. Blessed are all those who take refuge in him.

800px-Ossuary_of_the_high_priest_Joseph_Caiaphas_P1180839

An ossuary, found in Jerusalem, containing the bones of a man named Caiaphas.
By deror_avi – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0

 

 

 

 

 

An ossuary, found in Jerusalem, containing the bones of a man named Caiaphas.

By deror_avi – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,

Chapter 27 – High Priests, Low Men

The End Time Church: From the Cathedrals to the Catacombs

By Dan L. White

Copyright ©2017 by Dan L. White, all rights reserved.

Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible (WEB) which is in the public domain.

Chapter 27

High Priests, Low Men

Hey, Moses was a great guy but God did not make Moses the high priest.

Moses was a prophet, a very special prophet.

Deu 18
18)  I will raise them up a prophet from among their brothers, like you [Moses]. I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I shall command him.

That prophet like Moses was to be the Messiah. So Moses was a very special prophet.

What is a prophet?

A prophet is someone, either male or female, that God communicates with directly. He certainly did that with Moses.

Num 12
6)  He said, Now hear my words. If there is a prophet among you, I, Yahweh, will make myself known to him in a vision. I will speak with him in a dream.
7)  My servant Moses is not so. He is faithful in all my house.
8)  With him, I will speak mouth to mouth, even plainly, and not in riddles; and he shall see Yahweh’s form. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses? (Yahweh said that to Aaron and Miriam.)

Normally God speaks to a prophet by a vision or dream, as he did with Samuel, but Yahweh spoke to Moses —

Face to face!

Exo 33
7)  Now Moses used to take the tent and pitch it outside the camp, far away from the camp, and he called it “The Tent of Meeting.” Everyone who sought Yahweh went out to the Tent of Meeting, which was outside the camp.
8)  When Moses went out to the Tent, all the people rose up, and stood, everyone at their tent door, and watched Moses, until he had gone into the Tent.
9)  When Moses entered into the Tent, the pillar of cloud descended, stood at the door of the Tent, and spoke with Moses.
10)  All the people saw the pillar of cloud stand at the door of the Tent, and all the people rose up and worshiped, everyone at their tent door.
11)  Yahweh spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend…

In spite of that, Yahweh did not make his friend Moses the high priest. Instead Moses’ brother Aaron was appointed high priest.

Exo 28
1)  “Bring Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, near to you from among the children of Israel, that he may minister to me in the priest’s office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s sons.

But Aaron was not without his problems, you know.

He made the golden calf:

Exo 32
24)  I said to them, Whoever has any gold, let them take it off: so they gave it to me; and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf.

He and Miriam spoke against Moses.

Num 12
1)  Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Cushite woman whom he had married; for he had married a Cushite woman.
2)  They said, Has Yahweh indeed spoken only with Moses? Hasn’t he spoken also with us? And Yahweh heard it.

In spite of his shortcomings, slightly arrogant Aaron and not meek Moses was made high priest.

At that time, God did not combine the office of prophet and high priest.

Yahweh was king.

Moses was prophet.

Aaron was high priest.

The positions of high priest and prophet were purposely split. One person did not hold both positions.

Only Aaron’s children and descendants were to be priests. ISBE discusses how the position of priest was to serve and not to be served.

ISBE, Priest, High
Their duties were strictly religious. They had no political power conferred upon them. Their services, their dependent position, and the way in which they were sustained, i.e. by the free gifts of the people, precluded them from exercising any undue influence in the affairs of the nation… as originally appointed the priesthood in Israel was not a caste, nor a hierarchy, nor a political factor, but a divinely-appointed medium of communication between God and the people.

The priests served the people in their worship of God, but they did not get between the people and God.

ISBE, Priest, High cont.
The Hebrew priests in no wise interfered with the conscience of men. The Hebrew worshipper of his own free will laid his hand on the head of his sacrifice, and confessed his sins to God alone. His conscience was quite free and untrammeled.

Note that the people did not confess their sins to the priest nor was their sacrifice offered to the priest. The sacrifice was offered to Yahweh and the sins were confessed to Yahweh. The priest was not between the people and God. The priests only helped the people worship God.

The high priest was picked only by God, not by the people or by any political ruler.

Heb 5
4) Nobody takes this honor on himself, but he is called by God, just like Aaron was.

Gill Commentary on Hebrews 5:4
Now no man might take this honourable office upon himself, or intrude himself into it, or obtain it by any unjust method, or in any other way than by a call from God; nor did any man dare to do it, until of late, when some got into it of themselves, and were put in by the Roman governors, and even purchased it of them:

Aaron was picked by Yahweh God to be high priest. After him, his family was to fill that position. No one else was.

Aaron and the priests were Levites, but not all Levites were priests. The tribe of Levi was picked to specially serve God, but different families within that tribe each had certain jobs. Korah’s family, from Kohath, had extremely important jobs.

Num 3
31)  Their duty shall be the ark, the table, the lamp stand, the altars, the vessels of the sanctuary with which they minister, and the screen, and all its service.

They took care of the Ark of the Covenant and the vessels in the Holy of Holies. Very special position! Moses pointed that out to Korah, when Korah and his Komrades demanded the priesthood also.

Num 16
1)  Now Korah, the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, with Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, and On, the son of Peleth, sons of Reuben, took some men.
2)  They rose up before Moses, with some of the children of Israel, two hundred fifty princes of the congregation, called to the assembly, men of renown.
3)  They assembled themselves together against Moses and against Aaron, and said to them, “You take too much on yourself, since all the congregation are holy, everyone of them, and Yahweh is among them! Why do you lift yourselves up above Yahweh’s assembly?”
4)  When Moses heard it, he fell on his face.
5)  He said to Korah and to all his company, “In the morning, Yahweh will show who are his, and who is holy, and will cause him to come near to him. Even him whom he shall choose, he will cause to come near to him.
6)  Do this: take censers, Korah, and all his company;
7)  and put fire in them, and put incense on them before Yahweh tomorrow. It shall be that the man whom Yahweh chooses, he shall be holy. You have gone too far, you sons of Levi!”
8)  Moses said to Korah, “Hear now, you sons of Levi
9)  Is it a small thing to you, that the God of Israel has separated you from the congregation of Israel, to bring you near to himself, to do the service of Yahweh’s tabernacle, and to stand before the congregation to minister to them;
10)  and that he has brought you near, and all your brothers the sons of Levi with you? Do you seek the priesthood also?

To answer Moses question — Korah did seek the priesthood also.

He didn’t get it.

Num 16
25)  Moses rose up and went to Dathan and Abiram; and the elders of Israel followed him.
26)  He spoke to the congregation, saying, Depart, please, from the tents of these wicked men, and touch nothing of theirs, lest you be consumed in all their sins!
27)  So they went away from the tent of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, on every side. Dathan and Abiram came out, and stood at the door of their tents, with their wives, their sons, and their little ones.
28)  Moses said, Hereby you shall know that Yahweh has sent me to do all these works; for they are not from my own mind.
29)  If these men die the common death of all men, or if they experience what all men experience, then Yahweh hasn’t sent me.
30)  But if Yahweh makes a new thing, and the ground opens its mouth, and swallows them up, with all that belong to them, and they go down alive into Sheol; then you shall understand that these men have despised Yahweh.
31)  As he finished speaking all these words, the ground that was under them split apart.
32)  The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up, with their households, all of Korah’s men, and all their goods.
33)  So they, and all that belonged to them went down alive into Sheol. The earth closed on them, and they perished from among the assembly.
34)  All Israel that were around them fled at their cry; for they said, Lest the earth swallow us up!
35)  Fire came out from Yahweh, and devoured the two hundred fifty men who offered the incense.

So not just anybody could be a priest. You recall that during the time of the judges, Micah, a descendant of Moses, hired himself out as a priest, but he was not a real priest, because he was not from Aaron.

We have already cited in a previous chapter how Uzziah forgot that priests were Yahweh appointed, not self appointed. When Uzziah went into the temple to do the priests’ job of offering the incense —

2Ch 26
18)  They resisted Uzziah the king, and said to him, It isn’t for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to Yahweh, but for the priests the sons of Aaron, who are consecrated to burn incense. Go out of the sanctuary, for you have trespassed. It will not be for your honor from Yahweh God.

That definitely was not to Uzziah’s honor. His attempt to politicize the priesthood left him a lifelong leper.

Aaron was the first high priest and his descendants were to succeed him in that office, as his son Eleazar did.

Num 20
24)  Aaron shall be gathered to his people; for he shall not enter into the land which I have given to the children of Israel, because you rebelled against my word at the waters of Meribah.
25)  Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up to Mount Hor;
26)  and strip Aaron of his garments, and put them on Eleazar his son. Aaron shall be gathered, and shall die there.
27)  Moses did as Yahweh commanded. They went up into Mount Hor in the sight of all the congregation.
28)  Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them on Eleazar his son. Aaron died there on the top of the mountain, and Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain.

Then Eleazar’s son Phineas followed him.

Jdg 20
27)  The children of Israel asked Yahweh (for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days,
28)  and Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood before it in those days)…

Aaron’s progeny continued to be high priests, even after they returned from captivity in Babylon, when Joshua was the first high priest back in the Holy Land after the exile. However, after the Hasmoneans successfully rebelled against the Greeks, they were not only the political leaders but also claimed the office of high priest.

The Hasmoneans claimed not only the throne of Judah, but also the post of High Priest. This assertion of religious authority conflicted with the tradition of the priests coming from the descendants of Moses’ brother Aaron and the tribe of Levi. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-the-maccabees

The Hasmoneans, though Kohanim of the tribe of Levi, were not in line for the high priesthood or for political leadership, which they usurped. http://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-hasmonean-dynasty/

So it seems as if the Hasmoneans pulled a Korah, as when Moses asked the sons of Levi, “Do you seek the priesthood also?” The Hasmoneans did seek it and got it.

The Hasmoneans did what Yahweh did not do. They combined the office of political ruler and high priest. They had the heritage for neither. They were not descended from King David and so were imposter kings; they were not descended from the high priest line from Aaron, and so were imposter high priests.

They consolidated their power by centralizing authority in Jerusalem and combining the office of king and High Priest. This attracted criticism from some because the Hasmonean’s were not descended from Moses’ brother, Aaron the first High Priest and from others, especially the Pharisees because they exercised both religious and political authority. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/MaccabeesNew World Encyclopedia, Maccabees

After that, the office of high priest got lower and lower, because of the men who got it.

ISBE, Priest, High
It is true that in process of time the high office degenerated, and became a thing of barter and sale in the hands of unscrupulous and corrupt men,…

When Rome conquered Judea in 63 BCE, the positions of king and high priest of the Jews were politically set. Herod, the king of the Jews, removed the Hasmonean descendants from the office of high priest because he thought they might be a threat to him.

Encyclopedia Judaica, High Priest:

With the Roman conquest of Judea and subsequent Herodean rule, the office of high priest became a political tool in the hands of the administration, and until the destruction of the Temple was never to return to its earlier prominence. Herod, in an attempt to base his regime on new elements within Jewish society, completely disassociated himself from the Hasmonean dynasty… Although the high priests continued to serve as presidents of the Sanhedrin, both their actual powers and measure of esteem among the people gradually deteriorated, and derision of the high priests during the late Second Temple period is commonly quoted in rabbinic literature… By the end of the Second Temple period the high priest was considered no more than a religious functionary of the Roman administration, and thus even the garments of the high priest were entrusted at times to the hands of the local Roman procurator and handed over to the priests just prior to the various festivals.

Note that last statement. By the time the temple fell, the high priest was a Roman vassal. In order to serve at the festivals, he had to go to the Roman official just to put his clothes on.

The office of high priest, which should have been a lifetime position, became so politicized that between 5 BCE and the fall of the temple in 70 CE, there were 26 different high priests. Those high priests averaged only about 3 years in the position.

Banana priests!

The longest serving high priest during that time was perhaps the worst. That was Caiaphas, who condemned Yeshua to death. Annas served as high priest from 6-15 CE, and Caiaphas, married to Annas’ daughter, served from 18-36 CE. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/high-priests-of-the-second-temple-period

By the time of Christ, the position of high priest had become just another political tool of the Roman emperor or his vassal. High priests were appointed whose first loyalty was to Rome, not God, and the prime interest of those men was in protecting their position. High priests suffered from the same malady as Israel’s kings — low human nature.

When Israel went to the Holy Land, Yahweh was king, Moses was prophet, and Aaron was high priest. By the time the Messiah was born, the Roman emperor was Israel’s overall king, Rome or their vassal Herod appointed the high priest, and there were no prophets. Israel desperately needed a king, a prophet, and a high priest.

No wonder the shepherds shouted for joy when Yeshua was born.